India, located in Southern Asia is the seventh largest country in the world. It is spread over an area of approximately 3.28 million km² and has a population of approximately 1.12 billion.
The country has its capital at New Delhi and is composed of 28 states and seven union territories. India is bounded in the southwest by the Arabian Sea and in the east and southeast by the Bay of Bengal and borders the countries of Pakistan, Nepal, Burma, Afghanistan and China in the Northern region.
The country’s impressive coast line extends for 7,000 km²; India therefore dominates the trade sector of the region due to her prime location near important trade routes in the Indian Ocean.

India is the worlds fourth largest coal reserve, which is one among many other natural resources such as diamonds, petroleum, limestone.
The fertile Indo-Gangetic Plain occupies most of northern, central, and eastern India, while the Deccan Plateau occupies most of southern India.
To the west of the country is the Thar Desert, which consists of a mix of rocky and sandy desert. India's east and northeastern border consists of the high Himalayan range, which is the world's highest mountain range forms the country’s north east border and separates it from the rest of Asia.

The climate of India comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a large geographic scale. The nation has four prominent seasons, summer (March to May), a monsoon (rainy) season (June to September), a post-monsoon period (October to December) and winter (January and February). As in much of the tropics, monsoonal and other weather conditions in India are unstable that result periodically in natural disasters.